[Change of functional form of organism of submariner during the organized rest in conditions of European North].

The article presents the results of researches of 156 submariners of the first age-related group from crews of a-submarine during first several days on rest and in the end of the rest? Which was allowed after a long (2,5 months and more) autonomous float. Researches showed the effectiveness of reductive rest for the crews of a-submarines in conditions of Kolskoye Zapolyarye. Defined that in the 1st age-lated group ought to attend 1,9% of submariners with signs of non-adaptation and overpressure of physiological systems of organism. It's confirmed that good exponents of health condition could be attained by overpressure of functional systems. Authors propose to examine the submariner's organism functions by different diagnostics axis.

Spectroscopic study of low temperature interactions in metal-organic co-condensates.

The results on spectroscopic study of low temperature interactions of metal atoms, small clusters and nanoparticles with different organic and inorganic substances in the temperature range 12-300 K are presented. Complexation and reactions of atoms and clusters of magnesium, samarium and silver with carbon dioxide, ethylene and some mesogenic cyanophenyls were studied by the technique of matrix isolation and low temperature co-condensation of metal and ligand vapors, low temperature UV-Vis, IR- and ESR-spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemistry calculations. It was shown that cryochemical reactions of metal particles of different sizes reflected the system's redundant energy.

[The history of the Yekaterinburg tragedy: the sources of the investigation into the death of the Romanov family]. / Istoriia ekaterinburgskoi tragedii: istochniki rassledovaniia gibeli sem'i Romanovykh.

Presents main data on the life of the Romanov family after abdication of Emperor Nicholas II, about execution of family members and subjects in their attendance in Ipat'ev's house in Ekaterinburg, and burial of corpses. Offers a brief report on the circumstance of death of the family made by investigators A. P. Nametkin, I. A. Sergeev, and N. A. Sokolov in 1918-1924. Describes the activities of a group of enthusiasts headed by A. N. Avdonin and G. T. Riabov who searched for and found the remains of the imperial family and subjects in their attendance near Ekaterinburg. Presents the grounds for bringing an action on the basis of finding bone remains.

[Oxidative phosphorylation activity, F0F1-ATPase and level of liver mitochondrial cytochromes in rats with congenitally increased ability for free radical formation]. / Aktivnost' okislitel'nogo fosforilirovaniia, F0F1-ATPazy i soderzhanie tsitokhromov mitokhondrii pecheni krys s vrozhdennym povysheniem sposobnosti radikaloobrazovaniia.

The rates of oxygen consumption in liver mitochondria of strain S rats (2-3- and 10-12-months-old) with inherited free radical hyperproduction during oxidation of three types of substrates (glutamate+maleate, succinate+rotenone and ascorbate+TMPD) as well as cytochrome a level in the respiratory chain are lowered in comparison with Wistar controls. In liver mitochondria of 10-12-months-old rats these changes are more pronounced and manifest themselves as decreased ADP/O, phosphorylation rates and F0F1-ATPase activity. The phosphorylation potential, ATP content and adenine nucleotide pool in rat liver are also reduced. The experimental results give a better insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of morbid states (e.g., degenerative diseases) in human beings and shed additional light on the origin of short lifespan and premature in strain S rats.

[Changes in glycolysis and glycogenolysis in tissues and level of certain hormones in blood and urine from rats with varying lengths of cold adaptation]. / Izmenenie glikoliza i glikogenoliza v tkaniakh i soderzhanie nekotorykhgormonov v krovi i moche u krys v razlichnye sroki kholodovoi adaptatsii.

The production phase changes of adaptive hormones and the activity of key glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes were studied in Wistar rats exposed to a long-term (1-49 day) cold (+5 degrees C) exposure. The allosteric mechanisms responsible for regulating carbohydrate metabolism were shown to interact with endocrine ones and to modulate their effects. In cold acclimation, activation of the sympathoadrenal system aimed not only at increasing carbohydrate metabolism, but at enhancing the metabolism of fats and calorigenic effects.

[The role of the adenine nucleotide carrier in regulating energy and ion permeability of rat liver mitochondria upon cold exposure]. / Rol' perenoschika adeninnukleotidov v reguliatsii énergizatsii i ionnoi provodimosti mitokhondrii pecheni pri vozdeistvii kholoda na krys.

The energy state of rat liver mitochondria on day 10 of cold acclimation, when the body temperature decreases significantly concomitantly with an increase in the content of long-chain acyl-CoAs in the liver, has been studied. State 4 and uncoupling respiration rates increase in parallel; however, the integral potentials of the adenine nucleotide system in the liver diminish. In the presence of oligomycin, ADP (20 and 50 microM) decreases the II(+)-permeability and increases the Ca(2+)-capacity of mitochondria in both control and, in a lesser degree, cold-exposed rats. At 90 microM ADP has the same effect on mitochondria of both groups of rats. Carboxyatractylate abolishes the ADP effect on the mitochondria. In EGTA-containing media carboxyatractylate decreases the respiration rate in oligomycin-treated mitochondria. Palmitoyl-CoA increases the II(+)-permeability of the mitochondrial membrane and decreases the Ca(2+)-capacity of mitochondria. ADP abolished the competitive effects of this long-chain acyl-CoA. Possible involvement of the ATP/ADP antiporter in the thermoregulatory response of liver mitochondria in cold-acclimated rats and the role of fatty acids and long-chain acyl-CoAs in this process are discussed.

[Energy status of rat liver during the dynamics of cold adaptation]. / Energeticheskoe sostoianie pecheni krys v dinamike adaptatsii k kholodu.

The energy state of rat liver at various times of cold acclimation has been studied. On day 10 of cold exposure, the energy state of the liver is characterized by a low level of ATP and the adenine nucleotide pool as well as by low values of the phosphorylation potential and the "energy charge". The respiratory control is decreased, while the low permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane is increased. It is supposed that on days 10-15 after cold exposure the liver becomes actively involved in thermal stabilization. Cold acclimation on days 35-42 leads to an increase in State 3 respiration rate, respiratory control and energization of liver mitochondria. This allows to maintain the ATP level and the total adenine nucleotide pool in liver tissues at the control level. However, this does not seem to compensate completely for the energy expenditure because the phosphorylation potential and the "energy charge" of the liver are thereby decreased.

[Modulation of the inhibiting effect of long-chained acyl-CoA on oxidative phosphorylation of liver mitochondria in rats of various lines by Z-protein]. / Modulirovanie z-belkom ingibiruiushchego vliianiia dlinnotsepochechnykhatsil-KoA na okislitel'noe fosforilirovanie mitokhondrii pecheni u krys raznykh linii.

The effect of short-term starvation on the energy state of the adenine nucleotide system in the livers of rats of Wistar and Wag strains was studied. In fed rats, (4 hours after food withdrawal) both strains had the same liver content of long-chain acyl-CoAs. At the same time, in the livers of Wistar rats the phosphate potential values were much higher than in the livers of Wag rats (1.82 +/- 0.18 and 0.64 +/- 0.08, respectively), thus suggesting a strong inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in the livers of Wag rats. Based on a comparison of the states and levels of Z-protein in the livers of fed and starved Wistar and Wag rats, it was proposed that an excess of long-chain acyl-CoAs over the Z-protein content in the liver is a necessary prerequisite for the development of inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, the Z-protein may be considered as a possible physiological modulator of the inhibitory effect of acyl-CoAs on the energy state of the adenine nucleotide system in the liver in vivo.

[The state of energy metabolism and lipid distribution in the livers of rats treated with phenobarbital and oil]. / Sostoianie énergeticheskogo metabolizma i raspredelenie lipidov v pecheni krys pri vvedenii fenobarbitala i masla.

The relationship between the energy state of adenine nucleotides, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, contents of long-chain acyl-CoAs in the liver and glycerolipid synthesis have been studied under different states of lipid metabolism. The "high fat" state which has been induced by intraperitoneal injections of corn oil was characterized by an increased level of the acyl-CoAs, inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation at the level of the adenine nucleotide carrier and by decreased phosphate potential values. An injection of phenobarbital alone produced only a weak effect on the acyl-CoA content in the liver or on the energy state of adenine nucleotides. However, when injected together with oil, phenobarbital abolished all the effects caused by oil injections. Studies on lipid distribution have demonstrated that in all the three metabolic models the synthesis of glycerolipids is enhanced, but the mechanisms of this increase are different. The role of long-chain acyl-CoAs in the integration of energy and lipid metabolism is discussed.

[Reconstitution of membranous microsomal monooxygenase system during gel filtration on Sephadex LH-20]. / Samosborka membrannoi mikrosomnoi monooksigenaznoi sistemy pri gel'-fil'tratsii cherez sefadeks LH-20.

Solubilization of liver microsomes of intact, phenobarbital-treated and 3-methylcholantrene-treated rats was investigated. It was shown that treatment of microsomes with 4% sodium cholate leads to separation of proteins and phospholipids from the microsomal membrane. The microsomal solubilizate was passed through lipophilic Sephadex LH-20 and the particles whose properties are close to those of the microsomal ones were obtained. The high efficiency of self-assembly of the microsome-like particles, e. g. lack of cytochrome P-450 conversion into cytochrome P-420, high microsomal protein yield and the high level of metabolizing activity of microsomal monooxygenase, was demonstrated.

[Effect of carfecillin on the body of animals in single and multiple administrations]. / Izuchenie vliianiia karfetsillina na organizm zhivotnykh pri odno- i mnogokdratnom vvedenii.

The effect of carfecillin on blood circulation, respiration, hepatic and renal functions, peripheral blood picture, growth and development of young animals was studied in acute and chronic experiments. The allergizating properties of the drug were also investigated. Carfecillin is low toxic. LD50 for albino mice on intravenous and oral administration of the drug is 782.5 and 3924 mg/kg respectively. When used repeatedly for treatment of rats in oral doses of 180 and 275 mg/kg corresponding to the daily doses for humans calculated for the body surface, carfecillin had no adverse effect on hepatic or renal function, cell composition of the blood, augmentation of the weight and relative weight of the organs of the growing animals. No detectable effect of carfecillin on arterial pressure, respiration, rhythm and amplitude of the systole was observed in acute experiments with anesthetized cats treated with the antibiotic intravenously in doses of 320 mg/kg. Histological examination of the internal organs of the rats treated with oral carfecillin during 2 months showed that the drug had an irritating effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa only in a dose of 540 mg/kg, which is 2 times higher than the equivalent daily dose for humans. Carfecillin possesses the allergizating properties and induces development of cross allergy to benzylpenicillin. The above properties were less pronounced in carfecillin than in benzylpenicillin.

[Pharmacokinetic interpretation of the myorelaxant effect of kanamycin]. / Farmakokineticheskaia interpretatsiia miorelaksantnogo éffekta kanamitsina.

Changes in the neuromuscular conductivity and pharmacokinetics of kanamycin in the blood serum were studied in parallel on anesthetized cats treated with the antibiotic administered intravenously in a dose of 85 mg/kg or by means of infusion at a rate of 6.5-8 mg/kg . min. Combination of the logistic equation of the effect kinetics with the bioexponential equation of kanamycin pharmacokinetics resulted in analytical interrelations between the rate of the neuromscular conductivity suppression and kanamycin concentrations in the central and peripheral compartments of the two-compartmental model. The concentration-response curves in the first case were of the same S-shaped form, while in the second case they were of an irregular character. This suggested that the biophase was attributed formally to the central compartment of the model. However, the values of kanamycin concentrations in this compartment corresponding to the same level of the effect at the period of its development was always higher than those for the period of its extinction. This was indicative of the kinetic heterogeneity of the central compartment and biophase. Irrespective of the kanamycin administration regimen, the character of the effect-concentration relationship was the same and the antibiotic blood level determined after intravenous and infusion administration of the drug and corresponding to 50% reduction of the neuromuscular conductivity were close. Administration of kanamycin by means of infusion is more convenient, since it prevents development of undesirable respiration arrest in the animals.

[Dependence of the nephrotoxic effect of kanamycin on its concentration in the blood (an experimental study)]. / Zavisimost' nefrotoksicheskogo éffekta kanamitsina ot ego kontsentratsii v krovi (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

The kinetics of changes in the urea nitrogen level of the serum was studied experimentally on narcotized cats with constant blood levels of kanamycin. A relationship between the intensity of the nephrotoxic effect of kanamycin and its blood level was found. On the basis of this relationship lower nephrotoxicity of kanamycin as compared to that of gentamicin and streptomycin under conditions of their constant blood levels was shown. However, the concentrations of gentamicin and kanamycin provided in the blood by their use in therapeutic doses differeing 3--4 times allow a conclusion that the nephrotoxic effect of kanamycin and gentamicin to be practically the same.